Lula’s re-election campaign was based primarily on credit-claiming for the improvements in poor Brazilians’ quality of life. This clip shows the start of a typical ad.

Incumbent President Uribe of Colombia ran ads reminding voters of the improvements in security, and the secondary benefits of those improvements. Note the saint-like aura that surrounds him in this political message.

Candidates for Brazil’s lower house run in large multi-member districts where they must compete for attention. Here’s one example of an attention getting ad that reminds voters of a problem, without laying any blame or offering solutions.

El Salvador’s closed-list proportional representation system, combined with two dominant parties, rewards inter-party attacks. In this ad, the FMLN attacks ARENA’s record.